survivorship bias

the study sample can also be a larger sample instead of a small sample with survivorship bias.

样本选择上也可以逐渐摒弃含生存偏差的小样本，采用更大的样本进行研究。

survivorship bias is the wrong estimation of fund performance due to the disappearance of some funds from the research sample.

生存偏差效应是指在基金绩效研究中不考虑已退市基金的做法可能会导致人们对基金绩效的错误估计。

third, my analysis is based on one of the largest possible samples of hk cross-listings, although my samples suffer from some survivorship bias like most other studies of cross listings.

尽管和很多交叉上市研究一样，本文样本选取会受制于生存者偏差，但本研究建立在中国公司在香港交叉上市的最大可能样本的基础上。

since the open-end funds in china developed late, has yet to delist from the market, survivorship bias effect does not exist.

由于我国开放式基金发展较晚，目前还未出现开放式基金退市的现象，所以生存偏差效应不存在。